Chinese Linguistics Words Are So Cool
January 25, 2024
Chinese Linguistics Words Are So Cool
In a sense, this is pretty much a continuation of my post about what I love about Chinese characters, but it's in a more specific context this time. I've recently started taking a class on Chinese linguistics, and the class is taught half in English, half in Chinese. The course material is written in both languages, and I'm consistently struck with how much more simple and comprehensible many of the Chinese words are. English linguistics terms consist of words like syntax, glottis, morphology, phonology, grammar, etc. Some of these words are more simple than others, and to me, all of them are easily comprehensible either because I had previous experience in linguistics, took normal English classes in school, or recognize root words like phono- and morpho-. That being said, those aren't necessarily universal traits. I know plenty of people who might not recognize those root words, even as native English speakers, and I can particularly guarantee that plenty of native English speakers don't know the words glottis or glottal stop, the term which first introduced me to the word glottis. The Chinese words for these subjects, however, I would argue are much more likely to be comprehensible to any native Chinese speaker that comes across them. Even I, as a non-native and not even fluent Chinese speaker, could immediately understand them. Granted, I had the benefit of seeing them alongside English words I know, but even outside of that, I think I would be able to understand them. 句法/Jùfǎ,meaning syntax, literally translates as "sentence rules" or "sentence laws". 语法/Yǔfǎ, meaning grammar, is literally "language rules". Glottis, the one that I thing is the least comprehensible to the average English speaker, is 声门/Shēng mén, and that literally translates to "sound gate" which immediately conveys the function of the glottis. I consider this partially to be an influence of the Chinese character system or, possibly more accurately, a language feature that reflects why logographic characters are such a good fit for the Chinese language. A case where many short words with distinct meanings naturally leads to compound words that explain complex concepts in information-dense, 2-syllable words. There's also the angle that words derived from the sounds of other languages transfer more easily in a phonographic script. This could definitely be the case for the Greek and Latin roots that make up much of linguistic vocabulary in English, as well as our scientific and "educated" speech more broadly. People reading scientific texts and other written works in the west had to, until fairly recently, read them in the original Greek or Latin. It just made sense to transfer those words from the languages one already used to describe them. In Chinese, however, the meaning in the original text could largely be carried over regardless of pronunciation. There were standard dialects and pronunciation for use in formal education and high society, but the writing that preserved the ideas and allowed them to be more widely shared did not inherently carry the pronunciation. The written words were simply combinations of symbols that conveyed the ideas; converting those into spoken words is a separate process. As I become more familiar with Chinese and things like characters stop being as big of a burden, I become more amazed at how very practical and elegant it is. It manages great information density and clarity with many words being straight-forward combinations of their essential parts. Even words that are literally the same in Chinese as they are in English are a great deal denser in terms of syllable count. 互相理解/Hùxiāng lǐjiě literally translates to mutual intelligibility, but it takes 4 syllables rather than English's 10. Seeing this so clearly in a practical setting like learning about linguistics is an amazing feeling because it really highlights the progress I've made in the language.